The Merry Monarch's Wife

THE ELOPEMENT

A NEW YEAR HAD COME. BUILDING WAS GOING ON APACE and London was beginning to look like a prosperous city again. Nearly two million pounds had been voted for the purpose and life was settling down to normal.

The great interest at court was the King’s devotion to Frances Stuart.

Charles really seemed to care for her. It amazed me that a man of his intellect could be besotted with such a foolish creature. Her beauty was of course unique: her skin was as smooth as a child’s, her eyes clear and innocent, her features perfectly formed; and after the brazen arrogance of Lady Castlemaine one could not help liking her a little. But Charles was becoming really melancholy and the wits around him tried in vain to arouse him. They missed his gaiety. It seemed that nothing could satisfy him but the Fair Stuart.

I had two enemies at court, and they were both powerful; one was the Earl of Bristol and the other the Duke of Buckingham.

The Duke had always promoted Frances Stuart because he had believed he could make her work for him through the King. Charles was fully aware of this but it only seemed to amuse him. The fact remained though that the King could not stop yearning for Frances, and Frances was determined not to give way without marriage.

Such a situation had occurred before in royal circles and I heard the names of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn often whispered, so it was clear to me what was in the minds of many people.

Henry VIII had been married to Catherine of Aragon who had produced one child — a girl — though there had been a succession of miscarriages. Catherine of Braganza had not produced even one girl.

Clarendon was out of favor; he had been so for some time. People remembered that it was he who had helped to arrange the Portuguese marriage. Why? asked the people. Because he had known that I was barren. His daughter had married the Duke of York who was in line to the throne, they said, and if the King had no legitimate children who would follow him, the Duke would be king and Clarendon’s grandchildren would be heirs to the throne.

They fancied they saw the wily Clarendon’s reasoning.

I was inclined to shrug all this aside, but then a great deal of what was happening was kept from me.

It was Anne Hyde who told me, because she thought I should be aware of the direction in which events were moving. She was right, of course.

She said: “Bristol and Buckingham are trying to oust my father from office. They have always been jealous of him.” She looked at me shrewdly. “I believe that if all is not well it is better to know it. One can then be prepared to deal with these matters when they are thrust upon one.”

I liked Anne. She was forthright. I also liked her daughter Mary, of whom she was so proud. She had a second girl now, Anne, who had been born just before the plague struck London. But the Duchess had suffered the loss of her boys. It seemed perverse of nature to make the girls more hardy when everyone wanted boys. I should have been grateful even for a girl.

I said: “You speak truth. I agree with you that it is not helpful to be in ignorance.”

“Buckingham is powerful and an evil influence. I cannot understand why the King tolerates him.”

“He is witty and clever, qualities which the King greatly admires.”

“And shares, but the King’s wit is more kindly. Do you not agree?”

I said I did.

She was looking at me intently. “There is this latest lampoon which they have attached to the gate of my father’s house.”

“And what is this lampoon? And who fixed it on your father’s gates?”

“Buckingham’s friends doubtless…and the lampoon concerns Your Majesty.”

“What is it?” I asked faintly.

“You know they blame my father for the sale of Dunkirk…”

“But the reason Dunkirk had to be sold was because it was too expensive to hold.”

“That’s so. But when the people want to blame someone they will do so whatever the facts. Tangiers is proving difficult to hold and they are pretending that it is not worth having.”

“And the lampoon?”

“I hesitate to repeat it. But perhaps you should know. It reads:

Three sights to be seen

Dunkirk, Tangiers and a barren Queen.

I flushed hotly.

“Your Majesty must forgive me,” said Anne.

“It is better I should be aware. They believe, do they not, that I, with Dunkirk and Tangiers, am a catastrophe which has befallen the nation.”

“They are impatient…”

“I have been the King’s wife long enough…”

“It happens sometimes that these things do not come about at once. The important point is that my father’s enemies…your enemies…have dared to write that.”

“The King will not be pleased,” I said.

She looked at me steadily and said: “I can speak frankly to Your Majesty. You and I both have unfaithful husbands. They are alike in this. We made grand marriages and we have gained a good deal; we must needs accept the disadvantages. I think Your Majesty should not treat this matter lightly.”

“You mean to this suggestion that I am barren?”

“They are talking about that other royal marriage.”

“Henry VIII’s,” I said.

She nodded. “I do not know whether this is merely a fabrication but I did hear a rumor that the King was consulting Dr. Seldon.”

“The Archbishop of Canterbury!”

I could not believe that I was hearing correctly.

“It may be just a rumor, but sometimes when these things are said there is a little truth in them.

“You are saying that the King wishes to be rid of me so that he may marry Frances Stuart?”

“It is a case similar to that other.”

“I do not believe the King would do this. He has always been so kind and considerate to me.”

“It is his nature to be kind and considerate. He would regret it, I know. We are all aware of his regard for you. But the King is a man who will go to great lengths for those of whom he is enamoured…and if he has talked to the Archbishop of Canterbury…”

“What could the Archbishop promise him?”

“There could be talk of the need to get an heir to the throne. It is not unknown in royal circles.”

I was feeling faint. I wanted to be alone to think.

Anne was quick to notice this.

She said hastily: “I thought only that you should be aware. Perhaps I have said too much. If I have, it was due to my anxiety for you. You are my sister-in-law. I thought you should be prepared.”

“You did right and I thank you. It is better that I should know.”

“Of course, one cannot believe all the rumors one hears.”

I nodded in agreement. “Thank you, Anne,” I said. “I am grateful to you.”

I was glad when she left me, for I was stunned by what she had hinted. He wanted to be rid of me. I stood between him and Frances Stuart. If I were no longer his wife, he could offer marriage to her because it was the only way she would succumb.

What should I do? If I agreed to a divorce it would be arranged without doubt. The Pope had not given the sanction which Henry VIII had demanded, but this was different. Catherine of Aragon had been the aunt of the Emperor Charles, one of the most powerful men in Europe whom that Pope dared not offend. It was certain that there would be no one of such importance to defend the rights of Catherine Braganza.

It was foolish to think of that notorious case. All cases were different.

Moreover, there was no need to consider the Church of Rome; and if Charles had in fact consulted the Archbishop of Canterbury, it would mean that the Archbishop would now be considering how best a divorce could be contrived. I supposed a woman could be divorced because she was not fertile.

And Charles? Would he do this to me? I remembered him at my bedside when he had thought I was dying. I recalled his tears…the hours he had spent there…the genuine grief. Could he do this to me?

I tried not to think what my life would be like without him. There would be no place for me here. I should be sent back to Portugal. My mother was dead, my brothers in conflict with each other. Alfonso would be proving himself useless without my mother to guide him and Pedro, who had always resented not being the elder, would be trying to take what was Alfonso’s. I could not bear it. I had to stay here. Charles, I knew, preferred other women physically, but there was friendship between us, and he cared for me in a way; and I had settled for that. I had managed to bring myself to a state when I could accept his infidelities and be moderately happy on those occasions when we were together.

I had believed that our relationship would strengthen in the years to come and that those women would become less important to him; and I would be there — his friend and faithful wife.

I remembered how he had dismissed poor Edward Montague. I had tried to deceive myself into believing it was out of jealousy. But no. Even though I so much wanted it to be, I could not accept that. Edward had gone solely because of the insinuations of Buckingham.

How deep was his passion for Frances Stuart? I asked myself. How strong his regard for me? I knew him well enough to realize that he would be upset to cause me pain; and to divorce me would certainly do that.

And the people? There would be some who would frown at divorce, but I was after all a foreigner and they did not like foreigners. They wanted to see an heir to the throne and they had convinced themselves that I could not provide it. Frances Stuart was beautiful; she would grace all occasions and it would seem that she had an excellent chance of giving the country an heir.

I saw little of Charles then. He was more immersed in state matters than usual. The aftermath of the fire, with the rebuilding, rehabilitation of the people, the progress of the war, the fact that enemies were taking advantage of the impoverished state of the country, all demanded his constant attention as well as that of his ministers.

It was reasonable enough, but to my tortured imagination it seemed that he avoided me, which a man of his temperament would do if he were contemplating getting rid of his wife.

This was one of the most unhappy periods of my life. Each day the possibility of Charles seeking a divorce seemed more plausible.

And then Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, came to see me.

He was in an uneasy state of mind, for his own future was precarious.

He was a great statesman and a man of letters. He had written several histories of his times among other things; he was learned and clever. Charles, who had known him for many years, thought very highly of his erudition. He was a man of principles and often reproved Charles for his mode of life. Charles did not resent this. He would say it was true and Clarendon was right and that he should reform his ways. But Clarendon was asking more than Charles was prepared to give, so, in characteristic manner, the King shrugged his shoulders and implied that the people had asked him to come back and they must accept what they got.

Clarendon, I often thought, was uneasy in this atmosphere of frivolity which surrounded the court; and, being entirely different himself from most of the others, he had many enemies. He had originally been intended for the Church, which might have suited him very well, but on the death of his two older brothers, he became his father’s heir; and when he joined the Middle Temple at that time his uncle, Sir Nicholas Hyde, was the Chief Justice, so he had a good chance of advancement. However, he decided he would not pursue a career in the law as he wanted to devote himself to writing. This he had done. Charles had once said it was rare that a man who owed his fame to writing and speaking should have a prominent place in the government.

Well, Clarendon was an unusual man.

At this time he must have been in his late fifties, but, apart from the gout, he was in good condition.

I sensed as soon as he arrived that he found the matter which had brought him somewhat delicate and he began by saying that his daughter had thought that we must talk with the utmost frankness.

I said: “I should prefer that.”

The color was high in his habitually ruddy cheeks, and I imagined he was choosing his words carefully.

“I have come to Your Majesty in this matter of the King and Mistress Stuart,” he said.

“Yes?” I prompted.

“It seems that the King is greatly taken with the lady and…has certain plans for her.”

I said: “He has had plans for her for a long time, my Lord Clarendon, but they have come to nothing because of the virtue of the lady.”

“Exactly so.”

“The Duchess of York has spoken to me of this matter,” I said.

I guessed then that Anne had come on her father’s advice.

Clarendon went on: “I am sure Your Majesty will agree with me that it would be well for everyone concerned if the lady had a husband.” He was looking at me intently, as though assessing me. We had been in a somewhat similar situation when he had warned me about Lady Castlemaine and suggested how I should act. Then he had told me that I should accept her, and had been shocked when I did.

This, of course, was different. Then we had been talking of the King’s mistress…now we were speaking of one who might become his Queen.

“The King has had a most unhappy time,” he said. “The plague…the fire…this war.” He lifted his hands. “He was more disturbed than he would have people know.”

I guessed what was in his mind. The King was depressed by all his difficulties; he was frustrated by Frances’s refusals; in such circumstances he might be tempted to do something rash.

He cleared his throat. “Your Majesty, Miss Stuart should be married as soon as possible.”

I stared at him in horror, and he hastily added: “To one of her admirers, and so prevent this situation from worsening.”

“Is she prepared to marry?”

“She seems to be on very good terms with her cousin, that other Charles, the Duke of Richmond and Lennox.”

I knew the man. He was of the Stuart family, as Frances herself was. He must have been about ten or eleven years older than she was.

“Is he eager to marry her?” I asked.

Clarendon raised his shoulders to imply who was not eager to marry Frances Stuart?

“He is free to marry,” said Clarendon.

“And Frances Stuart?”

He hesitated. “It occurred to me…well…she is a lady of your bedchamber…a word from the Queen…. She could be reminded of the pitfalls about her. I am sure she would understand.”

“You are suggesting that I should talk to her, that I should tell her she should marry Richmond?”

“She would listen to Your Majesty’s advice. She is a very simple girl. She needs advice. She could find herself in a difficult situation which she would not be able to handle.”

“Talk to her? I…?”

“Who but the Queen? Perhaps Your Majesty would think about the matter. But I do believe that some prompt action is necessary.”

“I understand,” I told him.

“I knew Your Majesty would. The girl should be settled. That is most important.”

He smiled and took his leave.

When he had gone I felt deeply shocked. He had talked in innuendoes but I knew what was behind it.

It was true that Charles was contemplating divorcing me and marrying Frances Stuart. It might well be that Archbishop Sheldon was already working out a means of getting a divorce for the King on the grounds of my infertility.

I was frightened. Stretching out before me was a dreary future. I should be sent away. I should never see him again. And, strange as it might seem, I would rather be near him enduring jealousy and uncertainty than be away from him.

I thought of going back to Portugal: the emptiness of the palace without my mother, the quarrels between my brothers, myself sitting day after day with my attendants, stitching…reading…listening to music; perhaps waiting for the Spaniards to attack us.

I could not endure it.

Clarendon was seriously concerned. He would do everything he could to stop the divorce. He had arranged my marriage, and my downfall would be his. He would be making comparisons, as all would be at this time, and thinking of the fate of Cardinal Wolsey. And Thomas Cromwell was another who had arranged an unsatisfactory marriage for his King. Then it might be that Clarendon wanted the King’s marriage to be unfruitful to make the way clear for his grandchildren.

For whatever reason, he did not want a divorce for the King, so he and I were allies. He was ready to fight for his position and that of his grandchildren; and I would fight for my future.

I was thinking what I would say to Frances Stuart.

I DID NOT HAVE TO SAY IT. I had forgotten Lady Castlemaine’s part in all this. How that woman always seemed to be in the forefront!

I had not given much thought to what she would be feeling about these rumors until then.

She hated Frances. She knew that if Frances Stuart had given way that would have been the end of Barbara Castlemaine; she was lingering on as second best, only holding her position because it was rejected by Frances. The thought of her rival actually sharing the throne must have infuriated her.

She had always made it her affair to know what was going on. She had her spies everywhere. Her Mrs. Sarah would be on good terms with Frances’s servants; and if Frances ever turned from her virtuous path, one could be sure that it would reach Barbara’s ears before long.

It was the day after Clarendon had spoken to me. There was tension in the air, tittering and sibilant whispers in corners which told me that something had happened.

I learned of it from Lettice, though she was rather reluctant to tell it, for the reason that Charles played a part in it.

Frances was not on duty and I asked where she was. She was not feeling well, I was told.

“What ails her?” I wanted to know.

Lettice looked at Lady Suffolk, then Lettice burst out: “She was somewhat upset last night, Your Majesty.”

“Why was that?”

There was silence.

“I know something has happened,” I said. “I want to know what. Is there some secret, some conspiracy?”

Lettice decided that I must be told and she said: “It was Lady Castlemaine’s doing. She took the King to Miss Stuart’s apartments last night.” She hesitated, and I said impatiently:

“Yes, yes. What happened?”

“Lady Castlemaine knew the Duke would be with her and wanted the King to see them together.”

“The Duke of Richmond and Lennox?” I asked.

“Yes, Your Majesty.”

“And in Miss Stuart’s apartments?”

“Yes, Your Majesty.”

“Alone with her?”

“Yes, Your Majesty. They were just talking, Your Majesty. Lady Castlemaine created a scene. You know, Your Majesty, that she never lowers her voice. Several people heard what she was saying.”

“And what was that?”

“That Miss Stuart’s modesty was a pose to attract the King, that she was conducting a love affair with the Duke…and it was very likely that he was not the only one. It was really rather scandalous. What one would expect from…”

“Lady Castlemaine,” I finished.

“The King was very angry to see Miss Stuart with the Duke.”

“Yes?” I murmured.

“Miss Stuart said that it was a perfectly innocent visit. They were talking together before saying good night…nothing more. Lady Castlemaine shouted that that was a likely tale; and she was glad to expose Frances for what she was, and she hoped the King would not be such a fool as to go on believing in all that virginity in future. The King left them…but he was clearly hurt and angry.”

“And what then?”

“Everyone waits to see. The Duke has gone. He left the court. No one knows where he is…except perhaps Miss Stuart. She is staying in her apartments.”

“She is there now?”

“Yes, Your Majesty.”

“I see. I am glad to be in the secret. Thank you, Lettice.”

IT WAS AFTERNOON before I saw Frances. She had not appeared, so I sent for her. I was alone when I received her. She looked frightened.

I said: “Come and sit on the stool, Frances, and tell me what is wrong.”

“Your Majesty has doubtless heard what happened last night.”

“Yes. The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was in your apartments when Lady Castlemaine burst in with the King. That is so, is it not?”

“Yes. There was nothing wrong. I have never…I have always said I wouldn’t…and I never have.”

“I believe you, Frances,” I said.

“Oh, thank you, Madam. I fear the King does not. He will be very angry.”

“He should not be,” I said ironically.

“But it was not so. I never have. I’ve always sworn.”

I patted her hand. “I understand the Duke came in for a little chat before saying goodnight. Is that so?”

“Yes…yes.”

“Perhaps it was a little unwise. I believe he has strong feelings for you.”

“He…he wants to marry me.”

“And you?”

“I should like to be married, Your Majesty.”

“Well, Lady Castlemaine brought the King to your apartments because she knew the Duke would be there. I wonder how she knew? Perhaps he made a habit of escorting you to your apartments and coming in to say goodnight.”

“He has done it before…but that was all. We never…”

I silenced her again. I believed her. If she had been going to be someone’s mistress, it would have been the King’s, I was sure.

“And now,” I said, “what shall you do?”

“I do not know. Perhaps the King will send me away.”

“I scarcely think he will do that. I understand the Duke has already gone. Do you know where?”

She looked at me in frightened silence, her lips pressed together. So she did know.

“All right,” I said soothingly, as one would to a child. “It is going to be rather uncomfortable for you at court, Frances.” She looked at me trustingly. “I should like to help you.”

She took my hand and kissed it.

“It is time you were married,” I continued. “If you had a husband he would protect you from all these men who are seeking to seduce you.”

“Oh yes,” she said.

“And you say the Duke wishes to marry you?”

“Yes, Madam. He has asked me.”

“And what have you said?”

“I…I am not sure.”

“You would be a duchess.”

She smiled. The prospect was obviously agreeable to her.

I had heard that the King had offered to make her a duchess if she became his mistress. That was before the rumors of divorce had crept in.

She had refused. I believed that she was a virgin. She had no doubt been taught that it was unwise to give in to any man without marriage, and in her rather simple mind that had become an indisputable doctrine to which she clung.

But to be a duchess through marriage would please her.

“You would like to marry the Duke, would you, Frances?”

“Yes,” she said.

“If you joined him, you could be married…then you would be safe.”

“The King…”

“The King could do nothing if you were already married.”

She was thoughtful.

“There could be an elopement,” I suggested.

Her eyes shone with excitement.

“If you knew where the Duke was, you could go to him,” I went on. You could get married without delay. Then you could have a husband to protect you. I am sure the King would soon ask you and your husband to come back to court. Suppose you joined the Duke today? If only you knew where he is…”

“I do know. He is taking rooms at The Bear near London Bridge. He has had rooms there before. He is going to stay there until he sees what happens.”

“The Bear! That is not far. Why do you not join him there? Why do you not elope? Go back to your apartments. You are not well enough to see anyone and I have told you to go to your bed and stay there until tomorrow. As soon as it’s dark, you must leave the palace. Try not to be seen and take a carriage to The Bear near London Bridge. Tell the Duke that you are ready to marry him.”

“Oh, Your Majesty!”

“Do as I say. Tell no one. Very soon you will be the Duchess of Richmond and Lennox. I am sure you will be a charming duchess.”

“Your Majesty is so kind.”

I kissed her and wished her Godspeed, and I meant it from the bottom of my heart.

What good fortune this was! In becoming the Duchess of Richmond and Lennox, Frances could sweep away all my fears of being set aside.

This could not be anything but a fortunate turn of affairs for me.

THE WHOLE COURT WAS TALKING about Frances’s elopement. The King was furious and shrouded in melancholy. He was unlike himself. He must have cared deeply for Frances.

At length we heard that she and the Duke were married. I hoped she would be happy. She was such a simpleton, and I should greatly have preferred her to Lady Castlemaine if there had not been this threat of divorce. What I then heard of the Duke led me to believe that Frances might suffer some disillusion. He had already had two wives and he was constantly looking for favors at court; moreover he drank heavily.

I had a few qualms orf conscience when I heard this, even though I had not discovered it all until after the marriage. Perhaps I had been thinking too much of my own advantage. But at least she had married, which was what she had wanted; and it was she who had chosen Richmond.

As the weeks passed, the elopement of Frances Stuart ceased to be the main topic of conversation throughout the court. Lady Castlemaine retained her position and was obviously delighted to be rid of her formidable rival.

The war was going badly and the King was deeply immersed in the need to rebuild the city. More money was needed. There was never enough.

That June the country suffered one of the most humiliating defeats it had ever known. People were outraged and amazed to see the Dutch fleet right on our shores. It sailed up the Medway as far as Chatham, took possession of Sheerness and burned several of our ships — the Royal Oak, the Great James and the newly launched Loyal London among them. They blew up stores of ammunition worth forty thousand pounds; and they did all this more or less unopposed, having taken the English completely by surprise. During the operation they lost only two of their own ships. Not that these had been taken in battle; they had merely run aground and were set fire to by the Dutch to prevent their falling into English hands.

There was great fear that they would reach London; and ships were sunk at Blackwall and Woolwich to prevent their doing this.

Having wreaked havoc not only on our ships but on our morale, the Dutch sailed triumphantly away.

The English were outraged and, as is customary, they looked for a scapegoat.

They chose Clarendon. He had become increasingly unpopular over the last years. I was deeply sorry for him. I knew he was not guilty of what he was accused. It was no fault of his that we were at war with the Dutch, nor that we had suffered plague and fire and lacked the necessary funds to carry on the war successfully.

Charles was turning away from him even though the Earl had been such a good friend to him during his exile.

Clarendon was a man who lived a very moral life. He believed a husband should be faithful to his wife; he deeply deplored the King’s promiscuity and, because of that familiarity rooted in the past, he did not hesitate to say so. Although normally Charles was tolerant, he was under great strain at this time and less inclined to patience. So…Clarendon was out of favor…not only with the people.

He had powerful enemies at court. Buckingham was one, Lady Castlemaine another; and the King was weary of his continual lectures.

So he was certainly in a lonely position.

While the foreign ships were in the Medway, the mob had gathered outside Clarendon’s house. They had uprooted trees, broken windows and set up a gibbet which was an indication of the hatred they had for him.

Charles was deeply anxious. How I wished he would talk more to me of his troubles!

He did on one occasion and I asked him what was happening about Clarendon.

“He will have to go, I fear,” he said. “There is nothing I can do to save him. His time has come.”

“They are blaming him for the war!”

“That is unfair, of course. He was a good friend to me in the past…but now…”

“You do not like him as you used to.”

“He has frustrated me in so many ways.”

I knew what he meant. He blamed Clarendon for Frances Stuart’s departure. I never ceased to marvel that physical attraction could be so strong. It could not have been anything beyond that considering Frances’s childlike mind. And Charles suspected Clarendon of arranging the elopement. I wondered what he would say if he knew what part I had played in that. I think he might have understood my motives and not judged me too harshly. However, I would not tell him…not until we were old and near the end of our lives. Perhaps not even then.

“I do not like these sanctimonious ones,” said Charles. “They set themselves up as pillars of virtue and think it is their duty in life to censure those who fall short of their standards. Such men are tiresome.”

Previously Charles had been good-humored about criticism. He must certainly be feeling Frances’s desertion deeply.

“I have been advised,” he went on, “that if I do not rid myself of Clarendon, I might go the way of my father.”

“No!”

He looked at me wryly. “The heads of kings are never fixed very securely on their shoulders.”

“Please do not talk so.”

“Never fear, Catherine. I am deteremined to keep mine where it belongs, and never will I go wandering again. The best thing would be for Clarendon to resign. He could do that gracefully and it might be that we could then avoid unpleasant consequences. James is putting the suggestion to him.”

“James?”

“Yes. Perhaps not the most tactful emissary, but he is my brother and Clarendon’s son-in-law, and it could scarcely come from me.”

Poor Charles! He was very anxious at that time.

The result of James’s interview with the Earl was that the latter presented himself at Whitehall and told Charles that he would give up the Great Seal. Which was wise, said Charles, for the only alternative would have been to take it from him.

I was sorry for Clarendon. He, who had once been mighty, was indeed brought low.

The relinquishing of the Great Seal was not enough for his enemies. He must be arraigned for treason. I was glad that his son-in-law the Duke of York stood by him. Alas, in the midst of this James was smitten by smallpox and had to retire. Fortunately he soon recovered, but people said that the smallpox had been a sign of God’s displeasure because the Duke had defended Clarendon.

In spite of the feeling against him, the Earl was able to prove that the charges had no foundation and they had to be dropped.

Charles showed me the letter he had received from Clarendon.

He wrote: “I do upon my knees beg Your Majesty’s pardon for any over bold or saucy expression I have used to you. It is a natural disease in servants who have received too much countenance…”

He went on to ask the King to have the prosecution withdrawn and to allow his old Chancellor to retire overseas where he could spend his last days in peace.

Charles looked at me in consternation. “What can I tell him?” he said. “There will be an uproar if I give him permission to leave.”

That did not mean that he did not help Clarendon to get away and put an end to this distressing matter.

Clarendon did leave.

He slipped away quietly to the coast and took a ship for Calais.